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barrel
this has become the international standard for the oil trade. It came from the use of the 42-gallon (U.S.) wine barrel in the first oil fields of Pennsylvania. In the metric system, a barrel corresponds to a little less than 159 liters.
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biofuel
solid, liquid or gaseous matter of plant or animal origin used to produce energy for transportation.
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biogas
essentially methane originating from waste of urban (wastewater, household refuse) or animal (livestock excrement) origin.
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biogas plants
a plant in which wet or liquid biomass (treatment plant sludge, pig slurry, etc.) is converted into methane by anaerobic digestion. The methane is then converted into usable energy (electricity, heat).
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biomass
used for energy, it includes vegetables from farming (carbon-rich plants such as corn and sugarcane) and organic waste. The latter can be solid (industrial, agricultural or domestic) or liquid (wastewater, animal waste).
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black-out
starting from a purely local failure, a widespread failure across the entire network, plunging, depending on the time of day, an entire region into darkness.
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Bq: BECQUEREL
radioactivity is measured in becquerels. This quantifies the number of radioactive nuclei disintegrations that occur every second in a sample.
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BTU-British Thermal Unit
the international energy unit for natural gas defined as the quantity of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit at normal atmospheric pressure. 1 BTU = 1,055 joules.
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